The discussion on John 16, touched on end-time persecution for Christians, the Comforter (paraclete in Greek), Proverbs/Parables as Physical Pictures of Spiritual Realities and John 16:33, Jesus has already overcome (nenikéha in Greek = already won victory for all-time).
v1 “These things” from the end of Chaper 15 are world hating you, world persecuting you, world hating you without a cause, like they did Jesus (as he reveals their own sin), and the Spirit of Truth causing you to bear witness
In military terms, the paraclete was the one who covered your back, or protected your blind side so to speak. The Holy Spirit has many roles in the Believer’s life:
When the Holy Spirit enters Believers, He will teach and guide them away from these things. He will also convict the world of these things, through the Believer (eg. through sharing the good news, through their testimony, through their standing in faith even under persecution, through showing the unbeliever their own deeds are evil). As discussed in the study, all humans have a measure of Spirit from God (Gen 2:7 And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul., Ecc 12:7 “Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it.”), but this is not the Holy Spirit, who only enters Believers who put their trust (pisteuo) in Jesus. This Spirit of Man, is meant to join the Holy Spirit, and become a New Creation, that has Eternal Life (not just temporary life). Think of Spirit of Man as yellow, Holy Spirit as blue, and when Man receives the Holy Spirit, he becomes a New Creation, green (ie. Oneness with the Holy Spirit).
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16A little while, and ye shall not see me: and again, a little while, and ye shall see me, because I go to the Father.
17Then said some of his disciples among themselves, What is this that he saith unto us, A little while, and ye shall not see me: and again, a little while, and ye shall see me: and, Because I go to the Father?
18They said therefore, What is this that he saith, A little while? we cannot tell what he saith.
19Now Jesus knew that they were desirous to ask him, and said unto them, Do ye enquire among yourselves of that I said, A little while, and ye shall not see me: and again, a little while, and ye shall see me? John 16: 16-19
Quick note in verses 16, 17, 19, there are actually two different Greek words for “see”. The first “see” is theoreo, meaning to physically look on, or spectate. The second “see” is optanomai, meaning to gaze with wide-open eyes, as at something remarkable (Jesus). In other words, to see the big picture of Jesus, his purpose and meaning. Likewise, in verse 18, there are two different Greek words for “saith”, The first is lego, meaning to mean, or to relate. The second is laleo, meaning to verbally talk. The reason for this wording is to lay the groundwork that things can have a surface physical meaning, but also a deeper, spiritual meaning. This is the reason Jesus spoke in parables, some will just get the surface physical story, but it is for the true Truth seekers, to get the deeper spiritual meaning.
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20 Verily, verily, I say unto you, That ye shall weep and lament, but the world shall rejoice: and ye shall be sorrowful, but your sorrow shall be turned into joy.
21A woman when she is in travail hath sorrow, because her hour is come: but as soon as she is delivered of the child, she remembereth no more the anguish, for joy that a man is born into the world.
22And ye now therefore have sorrow: but I will see you again, and your heart shall rejoice, and your joy no man taketh from you. John 16: 20-22
The physical picture is a woman in childbirth, going through birth pangs, and their attached travail, sorrow and anguish, but these all being forgotten, on the joy of bringing a baby into the world. This is just the physical surface meaning, but the greater spiritual meaning, is the joy in heaven, when a man, who goes through the tribulations of this world, is born again, into the Kingdom of God. The 3 parables of Luke 15 paint a very similar picture:
https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Luke-Chapter-15/ (3 Parables: the lost sheep, the lost coin, the prodigal son. In the prodigal son, specifically the often forgot about talk a the end between the older son and father, is that we are meant to have great joy, when that who is lost, is found)
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23 And in that day ye shall ask me nothing. Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whatsoever ye shall ask the Father in my name, he will give it you.
24 Hitherto have ye asked nothing in my name: ask, and ye shall receive, that your joy may be full.
25 These things have I spoken unto you in proverbs: but the time cometh, when I shall no more speak unto you in proverbs, but I shall shew you plainly of the Father.
26 At that day ye shall ask in my name: and I say not unto you, that I will pray the Father for you:
27 For the Father himself loveth you, because ye have loved me, and have believed that I came out from God.
28 I came forth from the Father, and am come into the world: again, I leave the world, and go to the Father.
29 His disciples said unto him, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and speakest no proverb.
30 Now are we sure that thou knowest all things, and needest not that any man should ask thee: by this we believe that thou camest forth from God.
31 Jesus answered them, Do ye now believe?
32 Behold, the hour cometh, yea, is now come, that ye shall be scattered, every man to his own, and shall leave me alone: and yet I am not alone, because the Father is with me.
33 These things I have spoken unto you, that in me ye might have peace. In the world ye shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world. John 16: 23-33
v23-24 When the Holy Spirit comes, they can ask the Father directly
v25 physical Jesus is replaced by spiritual Jesus (the Holy Spirit), who no longer speaks in proverbs, but reveals directly from the Father
v26 pray in Jesus’ name, and He will mediate, pray the Father for us
v27 the Father loves us, because we love Jesus, and take God at his word (Yahuah/Yahusha: I AM Salvation)
v28 we are to follow his example, Jesus knew where he came from, his purpose in the world, and where he was going (contrast with youth today, as discussed in the study)
v29-30 His plain speech confirms things the disciples thought about Jesus, but were not 100% sure til now
v31 do you now trust (pisteuo)?
v32 again, follow his example, you are not alone either